Economic Value Added Calculator

The Economic Value Added calculator is a tool to help you measure economic value added (EVA), a metric that estimates the actual financial performance of a company. Investors use EVA to evaluate how much weight their capital investment in a company has created compared to other investments. The EVA calculation accounts for the company’s operating earnings and capital use efficiency when analyzing the value created for shareholders. So, you can estimate the actual economic profit beyond just the numbers on a balance sheet.

Economic Value Added (EVA) is a measure of a company’s financial performance that calculates the value it has created for its investors after considering the cost of capital. Like EVA, You may also use Net Effective Rent Calculator.

EVA formula - How to calculate EVA?

The EVA formula is:

EVA = NOPAT – (Invested capital * WACC),

where:

NOPAT– is the net operating profit after tax. NOPAT is generally listed on a company’s income statement, or you can calculate it to assess the operational efficiency of the company,
(Invested capital * WACC) – is the finance charge, representing the minimum return finance providers (investors and shareholders) required on the capital they provided.
- WACC– is the firm’s weighted average cost of capital. Generally provided as a public record, it is the average rate of return a company expects to pay its investors. The weights are a fraction of each financial source in a company’s capital structure.
- Invested capital – the funds shareholders invest for equity, bondholders, and lenders at the beginning of the investment period. There are different variations in the formula to measure invested capital. However, it is mainly determined by the difference between a company’s total assets and liabilities during its business operation.

Example:

Steph is an analyst for a VC firm in Silicon Valley. She wants to assess whether the firm’s investment in a startup in 2022 created value for its portfolio.

The startup’s NOPAT is $750,000, the cost of invested capital is 17%, and the expended money is $ 1600,000.

Using the EVA formula:

EVA = NOPAT – (Invested capital x WACC)

EVA = $750,000 – (1,600,000 x 17%) = $478,000

The result is a positive added value of $478,000, which means that the company more than covered its cost of capital in 2022.

Using this formula, you can calculate the value a company creates for its investors above and beyond its cost of capital. A positive EVA means a company is generating value for its investors, while a negative EVA means it is not.

Importance and Limitations of EVA

Importance of EVA:

Businesses can use economic value added to assess managerial performance as it serves as a measure of value creation for shareholders.
EVA indicates how profitable company projects are, which is essential in decision-making for economic profit.
EVA considers all costs, including equity capital, which standard accounting ignores.
It ensures businesses focus on wealth creation through economic surplus rather than net income.
EVA calculation can pinpoint where and how much wealth is created by including essential items from the balance sheet.

Limitations of EVA:

EVA is only suitable for some kinds of companies. It best evaluates performance in capital and asset-intensive companies, e.g., automotive companies. It is less useful for service companies with many intangible assets, e.g., software companies.
Comparing the performance of disproportionately sized companies or projects will favor the more prominent candidate since the EVA calculation heavily relies on invested capital. Thus, EVA may only sometimes reflect the efficiency of smaller firms that manage better ROI comparably.
An EVA evaluation only applies to the investment period measured and can not be relied upon to predict future performances. Therefore, it is unreliable for companies looking to make significant capital investments or reorganize their production.